Elementary · Grammar Reference
Unit 4 — There is/are · some/any · this/that
there is/are · How many · some/any · a lot of · this/that/these/those
4.1 there is / are …
Positive
| To be | | |
|---|
| There | is | a sofa. | (singular) |
| are | two bedrooms. | (plural) |
Negative
| To be | | |
|---|
| There | isn't | a shower. | (singular) |
| aren't | any pictures. | (plural) |
Yes / No questions and short answers
| To be | | | Short answers |
|---|
| Is | there | a table? | Yes, there is. / No, there isn't. |
| Are | | any photos? | Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. |
4.2 How many…?
How many bathrooms are there?4.3 some / any
Positive
| | |
|---|
| There are | some pictures. | some + plural noun |
Negative
| | |
|---|
| There aren't | any glasses. | any + plural noun |
Question
| | |
|---|
| Are there | any books? | any + plural noun |
4.4 a lot of
She has a lot of clothes.4.5 this, that, these, those
1 We use this / these to talk about people/things that are near to us.
I like this picture. How much are these mugs?2 We use that / those to talk about people/things that aren't near to us.
Can you see that man? Who are those children outside?3 We can use this/that/these/those without a noun.
This is lovely. That's horrible.Can I have this? These are my favourite.I don't like that. I don't want those.